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Chapter Analysis
Intermediate22 pages • EnglishQuick Summary
The chapter 'The Age of Industrialisation' explores the transformation from manual labor to the age of industrialization, focusing on how Britain and India navigated this transition. It examines the rise of factories, the impact of colonization on Indian industries, and the resistance to mechanization by traditional craftsmen. The narrative highlights the economic and social changes brought by industrial shifts and explores the contentious relationship between traditional hand production and emerging machine industries.
Key Topics
- •Proto-industrialisation
- •Rise of factories
- •Resistance to mechanization
- •Colonial impact on Indian industries
- •Role of European Managing Agencies
- •Swadeshi movement
- •Transition from handloom to mechanized production
Learning Objectives
- ✓Understand the concept and characteristics of proto-industrialisation.
- ✓Identify the causes and consequences of the Industrial Revolution.
- ✓Examine the social and economic impacts of industrialisation in Britain and India.
- ✓Analyze the resistance to mechanization by workers and artisans.
- ✓Explore the effects of colonial rule on Indian industries.
- ✓Discuss the role of advertisements in expanding markets during industrialization.
Questions in Chapter
Explain why many workers were opposed to the use of the Spinning Jenny.
Answer: Workers were opposed to the use of the Spinning Jenny because it reduced their need for manual labor and threatened their livelihoods with unemployment.
Page 88
Give two examples where modern development that is associated with progress has led to problems.
Page 80
What were the implications of Indian textiles' export market collapse?
Page 92
Additional Practice Questions
Discuss the impacts of proto-industrialization on rural families in England.
mediumAnswer: Proto-industrialization provided rural families with supplementary income and allowed them to sustain themselves despite shrinking agricultural income by engaging in domestic production for merchants.
How did the Swadeshi movement influence the Indian textile industry?
hardAnswer: The Swadeshi movement mobilized Indians to boycott foreign goods, leading to increased demand for domestically produced textiles, thus supporting local industry and prompted the growth of Indian cotton mills.
Explain the role of European Managing Agencies in controlling Indian industries during the colonial period.
hardAnswer: These agencies controlled major sectors by mobilizing capital, setting up joint-stock companies, and making key business decisions, often sidelining Indian businessmen from influential roles.
Analyze the transition from handloom production to industrial textile mills in India and its socio-economic effects.
hardAnswer: The transition led to the decline of artisanal weaving due to competition with cheaper machine-made imports, causing traditional weavers to lose markets or adapt by adopting new technologies like the fly shuttle.
What challenges did the early industrial workers in Britain face during the Industrial Revolution?
mediumAnswer: Workers faced long hours, low wages, unsafe working conditions, and lack of job security, exacerbated by economic fluctuations and the advent of labor-saving technologies.