Chapter 8: Introduction to Trigonometry

Math • Class 10

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Chapter Analysis

Intermediate16 pages • English

Quick Summary

Chapter 8 introduces the concept of trigonometry, focusing on trigonometric ratios in right-angled triangles, including sine, cosine, and tangent. It defines these ratios for specific angles such as 30°, 45°, 60° and 90°. The chapter also covers trigonometric identities and relationships, demonstrating how to derive various trigonometric values from basic ones.

Key Topics

  • Trigonometric Ratios
  • Trigonometric Functions
  • Applications of Trigonometry
  • Trigonometric Identities
  • Specific Angle Trigonometry
  • Defining Angles Using Trigonometry
  • Relationship of Ratios

Learning Objectives

  • Understand the definitions of trigonometric ratios.
  • Calculate trigonometric function values for specific angles.
  • Prove basic trigonometric identities.
  • Apply identities to determine unknown sides or angles in right triangles.
  • Comprehend the relationships between trigonometric functions.

Questions in Chapter

In ∆ABC, right-angled at B, AB = 24 cm, BC = 7 cm. Determine: (i) sin A, cos A (ii) sin C, cos C

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If sin A = 3/4, calculate cos A and tan A.

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Given 15 cot A = 8, find sin A and sec A.

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If tan (A + B) = 3 and tan (A – B) = 1/3; 0° < A + B ≤ 90°; A > B, find A and B.

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State whether the following are true or false. Justify your answer. (i) sin(A + B) = sin A + sin B.

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Additional Practice Questions

Prove that if tan A = 1, then sin^2 A + cos^2 A = 1.

medium

Answer: In a right triangle where tan A = 1, both adjacent and opposite sides must be equal. Hence, sin A = cos A = 1/√2. Therefore, sin^2 A + cos^2 A = 1/2 + 1/2 = 1.

Evaluate the expression: sin^2 45° + cos^2 45°.

medium

Answer: sin 45° = cos 45° = 1/√2. Thus, sin^2 45° + cos^2 45° = (1/√2)^2 + (1/√2)^2 = 1/2 + 1/2 = 1.

Determine the value of sin 0° and cos 0° using trigonometric definitions.

easy

Answer: As angle approaches 0, the opposite side becomes negligible compared to the hypotenuse, hence sin 0° = 0/1 = 0. The adjacent side becomes equal to the hypotenuse making cos 0° = 1/1 = 1.

If sec A = 13/12, evaluate tan A.

hard

Answer: Using identity sec^2 A = 1 + tan^2 A, we get (13/12)^2 = 1 + tan^2 A. Hence, tan^2 A = (169/144) - 1 = 25/144, thus tan A = 5/12.

Express the trigonometric ratios: sin A, sec A, and tan A in terms of cot A.

medium

Answer: sin A = 1/√(1 + cot^2 A), sec A = √(1 + cot^2 A), tan A = 1/cot A.