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Chapter Analysis
Intermediate13 pages • EnglishQuick Summary
The chapter 'Morphology of Flowering Plants' provides an in-depth look at the external features of flowering plants, including roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds. It discusses the different types of roots, the structure and functions of stems, as well as various leaf patterns and arrangements. Additionally, the chapter covers the reproductive units of flowers and details different types of inflorescence and their configurations. The chapter further explores the development of fruits and seeds from flowers and describes the semi-technical terms used in describing the morphology of typical flowering plants followed by an overview of some important plant families.
Key Topics
- •Root and its types
- •Stem structure and function
- •Leaf arrangements and modifications
- •Types and structures of inflorescence
- •Flower composition and reproduction
- •Fruits and seed formation
- •Semi-technical description of flowering plants
- •Important plant families
Learning Objectives
- ✓Understand the basic morphological features of flowering plants.
- ✓Identify different types of roots, stems, leaves, and their modifications.
- ✓Distinguish between the different types of inflorescence in plants.
- ✓Comprehend the structure and functions of flowers in sexual reproduction.
- ✓Understand fruit and seed formation processes.
- ✓Recognize the semi-technical descriptions used for plant families.
Questions in Chapter
How is a pinnately compound leaf different from a palmately compound leaf?
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Explain with suitable examples the different types of phyllotaxy.
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Define the following terms: (a) aestivation (b) placentation (c) actinomorphic (d) zygomorphic (e) superior ovary (f) perigynous flower (g) epipetalous stamen
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Differentiate between (a) Racemose and cymose inflorescence (b) Apocarpous and syncarpous ovary
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Draw the labelled diagram of the following: (i) gram seed (ii) V.S. of maize seed
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Take one flower of the family Solanaceae and write its semi-technical description. Also draw their floral diagram.
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Describe the various types of placentations found in flowering plants.
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What is a flower? Describe the parts of a typical angiosperm flower.
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Define the term inflorescence. Explain the basis for the different types inflorescence in flowering plants.
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Additional Practice Questions
What are the main differences between monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous seeds?
mediumAnswer: Monocotyledonous seeds usually possess one large cotyledon called a scutellum, and they are often endospermic. Dicotyledonous seeds have two cotyledons and are typically non-endospermic. Monocot seeds like maize have a coleoptile and coleorhiza covering the plumule and radicle, while dicot seeds like peas and beans do not.
Describe the function and types of modifications a root can undergo.
mediumAnswer: Roots primarily function in the absorption of water and minerals, providing anchor to plant parts, and storing food. They can modify into storage roots, aerial roots for additional support, and pneumatophores for respiration.
Explain the mode of arrangement of petals or sepals in floral buds.
hardAnswer: In floral buds, the mode of arrangement of sepals or petals, known as aestivation, can be valvate, twisted, imbricate, or vexillary. Valvate aestivation features sepals or petals just touching at the edges. In twisted aestivation, one edge overlaps the next. Imbricate has overlapping without specific directionality, while vexillary has a specific overlap pattern as seen in the pea flower.
What is placentation and describe its types with examples.
mediumAnswer: Placentation refers to the arrangement of ovules within the ovary. Types include marginal (pea), axile (tomato), parietal (mustard), basal (sunflower), and free central (Dianthus).
Briefly describe the types of inflorescence in flowering plants.
easyAnswer: Inflorescence refers to the arrangement of flowers on the floral axis. Racemose inflorescences have continuous growth with flowers stemming from different points. Cymose has a terminal flower, limiting growth, and flowers arranged as older at the top and newer below.
NCERT Exemplar
AvailablePractice with NCERT Exemplar problems and solutions for this chapter. Exemplar problems are designed to help you master the concepts with advanced-level questions.
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