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Chapter Analysis
Intermediate22 pages • EnglishQuick Summary
This chapter discusses the process of elections and representation, focusing on the methods of elections, such as the First Past the Post (FPTP) system, and the significance of ensuring free and fair elections. It also covers the role of the Election Commission and the constitutional provisions that uphold the integrity of the electoral process. Additionally, it highlights debates on electoral reform and representation of disadvantaged groups.
Key Topics
- •First Past the Post system
- •Role of Election Commission
- •Electoral reforms
- •Reservation of Constituencies
- •Universal Adult Franchise
- •Proportional Representation
- •Election malpractices
Learning Objectives
- ✓Understand different methods of elections.
- ✓Recognize the characteristics of the Indian election system.
- ✓Explain the importance of impartial elections machinery.
- ✓Evaluate suggestions for electoral reforms.
- ✓Analyze the reservation system for representation.
- ✓Discuss the role of the Election Commission.
Questions in Chapter
Which of the following resembles most a direct democracy?
Answer: Decisions taken by the Gram Sabha
Page 75
Which of the following tasks are not performed by the Election Commission?
Answer: Nominating the candidates
Page 76
What is the difference between the system of reservation of constituencies and the system of separate electorate?
Page 76
Indian electoral system aims at ensuring representation of socially disadvantaged sections. What measures would you suggest to improve the situation?
Page 77
Additional Practice Questions
Explain the First Past the Post system and its implications on Indian elections.
mediumAnswer: The First Past the Post (FPTP) system is a simple plurality method where the candidate with the most votes in a constituency wins. Its implications include potentially distorting the representation since a party can win with a minority of the total vote if it has a majority in enough constituencies.
Discuss the role of the Election Commission in ensuring free and fair elections.
mediumAnswer: The Election Commission is responsible for overseeing elections to ensure they are conducted fairly and without bias. It prepares and regulates the electoral rolls, sets election schedules, and enforces the model code of conduct to ensure transparency and impartiality.
What are the constitutional provisions for the reservation of seats in Indian legislatures?
easyAnswer: The Constitution provides for the reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in proportion to their population in the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies to ensure they are adequately represented.
How does the proportional representation system differ from FPTP?
mediumAnswer: In proportional representation, seats are distributed based on the percentage of votes each party receives, offering more accurate representation of voter preferences, unlike FPTP where only the highest vote-getter wins.
Critically evaluate the need for electoral reforms in India.
hardAnswer: Electoral reforms are needed to address issues such as electoral malpractices, disproportionate representation, and low representation of women. Reforms could include introducing elements of a proportional representation system, stricter controls on election spending, and encouraging women's participation.