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Chapter Analysis
Advanced21 pages • EnglishQuick Summary
The chapter on Coordination Compounds discusses the chemistry and structure of coordination entities, which are characterized by a central metal atom or ion bonded to a set number of ligands arranged in specific geometric configurations. The text explores the nomenclature, isomerism, and types of bonding in these compounds, and delves into theories such as Valence Bond Theory and Crystal Field Theory to explain their properties. Coordination compounds play crucial roles in biological systems, industrial processes, and medicine, highlighting their importance beyond academic interest.
Key Topics
- •Nomenclature of coordination compounds
- •Isomerism in coordination compounds
- •Valence Bond Theory
- •Crystal Field Theory
- •Biological importance of coordination compounds
- •Geometrical and optical isomerism
Learning Objectives
- ✓Understand the principles of nomenclature for coordination compounds
- ✓Identify different types of isomerism in coordination complexes
- ✓Explain the bonding concepts in coordination chemistry using Valence Bond Theory
- ✓Apply Crystal Field Theory to describe the electronic properties of complexes
- ✓Recognize the role and application of coordination compounds in biological and industrial contexts
Questions in Chapter
Write the formulas for the following coordination compounds: (i) tetraamminediaquacobalt(III) chloride (ii) potassium tetracyanidonickelate(II) (iii) tris(ethane–1,2–diamine) chromium(III) chloride (iv) amminebromidochloridonitrito-N-platinate(II) (v) dichloridobis(ethane–1,2–diamine)platinum(IV) nitrate (vi) iron(III) hexacyanidoferrate(II)
Page 125
Write the IUPAC names of the following coordination compounds: (i) [Co(NH3)6]Cl3 (ii) [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 (iii) K3[Fe(CN)6] (iv) K3[Fe(C2O4)3] (v) K2[PdCl4] (vi) [Pt(NH3)2Cl(NH2CH3)]Cl
Page 125
Explain the bonding in coordination compounds in terms of Werner’s postulates.
Page 138
FeSO4 solution mixed with (NH4)2SO4 solution in 1:1 molar ratio gives the test of Fe2+ ion but CuSO4 solution mixed with aqueous ammonia in 1:4 molar ratio does not give the test of Cu2+ ion. Explain why?
Page 139
Explain with two examples each of the following: coordination entity, ligand, coordination number, coordination polyhedron, homoleptic and heteroleptic.
Page 139
What is meant by unidentate, didentate and ambidentate ligands? Give two examples for each.
Page 139
Additional Practice Questions
What is the role of ligands in the stability of coordination compounds?
mediumAnswer: Ligands, by donating electron pairs to the central metal ion, can form strong bonds that dramatically stabilize the complex. Multidentate ligands forming chelate rings tend to increase stability through the chelate effect.
How does crystal field theory explain the color of transition metal complexes?
hardAnswer: Crystal field theory describes the color of transition metal complexes as resulting from d-d transitions, where an electron jumps between split d orbitals caused by the field of ligands. This transition absorbs specific wavelengths of light, leading to the complex displaying a complementary color.
What distinguishes homoleptic from heteroleptic complexes?
mediumAnswer: Homoleptic complexes have only one type of donor group bound to the central metal, whereas heteroleptic complexes contain multiple different types of ligands.
Discuss the significance of coordination compounds in biological systems.
mediumAnswer: Coordination compounds are key in biological systems, exemplified by hemoglobin (oxygen transport due to its Fe-center) and chlorophyll (photosynthesis with its Mg-center), where the metal-ligand interaction is crucial for functionality.
Explain the concept of isomerism in coordination compounds.
hardAnswer: Isomerism in coordination compounds is the existence of two or more compounds with the same formula but different arrangements of atoms. Types include stereoisomerism (geometrical and optical) and structural isomerism (linkage, coordination, ionisation, and hydrate isomers).