Chapter 7: Globalisation and Social Change

Answer: Globalisation has led to a fluid global market for media companies, transforming national markets into global ones. This change has been facilitated by technological advancements that allowed for the fusion of previously distinct forms of media, such as print, television, and radio. The convergence of media forms and the international dimension of media have further integrated global content, making media a crucial player in shaping cultural identities across different societies.

Answer: During colonial India, mass media played a pivotal role in nurturing anti-colonial public opinion and strengthening the nationalist movement. Newspapers and journals became platforms for social reformers and educated elites to voice opposition to colonial policies and unite the populace under the cause of independence. Despite censorship and restrictions by the colonial state, the nationalist press effectively communicated the ideas of freedom and self-governance.

Answer: Technological advancements, such as the networking of personal computers and newsroom software, have revolutionized newspaper production. These innovations have increased the speed and efficiency of news reporting, allowing for more timely and expansive coverage. Automation has enabled newspapers to produce multiple editions and cater to a wider audience with diverse interests, promoting greater accessibility and engagement.

Answer: The global music industry faces significant challenges due to digitalisation, notably the ease of music downloads via the internet. This threatens traditional distribution methods, such as CD and cassette sales, and raises concerns about the potential loss of jobs in manufacturing and retail sectors. The shift to digital formats has compelled the industry to adapt to changing consumer behaviors and explore new revenue models, such as streaming services.

Answer: Media commercialisation can directly influence democratic processes by shaping public opinion and prioritising content that aligns with sponsors' interests. The focus on profitability can lead to sensationalism, thereby potentially sidestepping critical issues that require public attention. However, a free and competitive media landscape is integral to democracy as it facilitates informed citizenry and accountability.