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Chapter Analysis
Intermediate18 pages • EnglishQuick Summary
The chapter "The Making of the National Movement: 1870s - 1947" outlines the rise of Indian nationalism and the various phases of the freedom struggle against British rule. It discusses the formation of early political organizations, the advent of Mahatma Gandhi, and the mass movements he led, such as the Non-Cooperation, Civil Disobedience, and Quit India movements. The chapter also highlights the partition of Bengal, the Swadeshi movement, and the eventual independence combined with the partition of India.
Key Topics
- •Formation of Indian National Congress
- •The Rise of Mahatma Gandhi
- •Non-Cooperation and Civil Disobedience Movements
- •Partition of Bengal and Swadeshi Movement
- •Impact of World Wars on Indian Nationalism
- •Quit India Movement
- •Role of Women in the Freedom Struggle
- •Independence and Partition of India
Learning Objectives
- ✓Understand the causes and effects of British imperial policies on Indian society.
- ✓Analyze the role of Indian leaders and movements in the struggle for independence.
- ✓Examine the impact of World Wars on the Indian independence movement.
- ✓Explore the reasons behind the partition of India and its consequences.
- ✓Evaluate the contributions of Mahatma Gandhi and other leaders to the freedom movement.
- ✓Assess the role of different social groups, including women, in the national movement.
Questions in Chapter
Why were people dissatisfied with British rule in the 1870s and 1880s?
Page 110
Who did the Indian National Congress wish to speak for?
Page 110
What economic impact did the First World War have on India?
Page 110
What did the Muslim League resolution of 1940 ask for?
Page 110
Who were the Moderates? How did they propose to struggle against British rule?
Page 110
Additional Practice Questions
What role did the Ilbert Bill controversy play in Indian nationalism?
mediumAnswer: The Ilbert Bill controversy in 1883 highlighted racial discrimination within the British judicial system, as it proposed to allow Indian judges to try Europeans. Its withdrawal after white opposition deepened Indian discontent and highlighted racial attitudes, fueling the demand for Indian representation and contributing to the establishment of the Indian National Congress.
How did the Rowlatt Act lead to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre?
hardAnswer: The Rowlatt Act of 1919 allowed wartime restrictions to continue, leading to widespread protests. General Dyer's decision to open fire on a peaceful gathering at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar on April 13, 1919, was a brutal response to these protests, leading to significant loss of life and escalating Indian fury against British rule.
Describe the significance of the Dandi March in the freedom struggle.
mediumAnswer: The Dandi March, led by Gandhi in 1930, was a direct action campaign against the British salt monopoly. It symbolized the protest against unjust laws and galvanized Indians across the country to commit to the Civil Disobedience Movement, significantly advancing the cause for independence.
How did World War I impact Indian society and fuel nationalist sentiments?
mediumAnswer: World War I increased economic hardships in India, with heightened taxes and soaring prices. It also led to the conscription of Indian soldiers. Coupled with news of global anti-colonial movements and the Russian Revolution, these conditions intensified Indian nationalism and demands for self-rule.
Discuss how the concept of swadeshi influenced the Indian independence movement.
easyAnswer: Swadeshi, meaning self-reliance, encouraged Indians to boycott British goods and promote Indian-made goods. It became a centerpiece of the freedom struggle, fostering economic independence and national pride while weakening British economic hold over India.