Chapter 5: Understanding Marginalisation

Politocal Science • Class 8

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Chapter Analysis

Intermediate14 pages • English

Quick Summary

Chapter 5, 'Understanding Marginalisation', focuses on the experiences of marginalised communities, specifically Adivasis and Muslims in India. It discusses the reasons behind their marginalisation, such as cultural differences, historical dispossession of lands, and socio-economic disadvantages. The chapter stresses the role of government initiatives and policies to address these issues and the importance of protecting cultural diversity through constitutional safeguards.

Key Topics

  • Social marginalisation
  • Adivasi displacement
  • Muslim socio-economic status
  • Constitutional safeguards for minorities
  • Cultural diversity
  • Government policies for marginalised communities

Learning Objectives

  • Understand the concept of social marginalisation and its implications.
  • Evaluate the socio-economic challenges faced by Adivasis and Muslims.
  • Discuss the importance of constitutional protections for minority communities.
  • Identify the key government measures that address marginalisation.
  • Appreciate the significance of cultural diversity in Indian society.

Questions in Chapter

Write in your own words two or more sentences of what you understand by the word 'marginalisation'.

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List two reasons why Adivasis are becoming increasingly marginalised.

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Write one reason why you think the Constitution’s safeguards to protect minority communities are very important?

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Re-read the section on Minorities and Marginalisation. What do you understand by the term minority?

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You are participating in a debate where you have to provide reasons to support the following statement: ‘Muslims are a marginalised community’. Using the data provided in this chapter, list two reasons that you would give.

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Imagine that you are watching the Republic Day parade on TV with a friend and she remarks, ‘Look at these tribals. They look so exotic. And they seem to be dancing all the time’. List three things that you would tell her about the lives of Adivasis in India.

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In the storyboard you read about how Helen hopes to make a movie on the Adivasi story. Can you help her by developing a short story on Adivasis?

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Would you agree with the statement that economic marginalisation and social marginalisation are interlinked? Why?

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Additional Practice Questions

What are some of the main contributors to the marginalisation of Adivasis in India?

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Answer: The main contributors include historical land dispossessions, cultural stereotyping, economic exploitation in industrial projects, and lack of political influence. Adivasis' access to traditional lands and resources is frequently undermined, pushing them into disadvantageous socio-economic conditions.

How do government policies aim to protect the rights of marginalised communities?

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Answer: Government policies, such as reservation systems and special development schemes, aim to provide educational and employment opportunities, safeguard cultural identities, and ensure representation in political institutions, thus working towards reducing marginalisation.

Discuss the role of the SC/ST Act in addressing marginalisation.

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Answer: The SC/ST Act is crucial in preventing discrimination against Scheduled Castes and Tribes through legal safeguards, promoting affirmative action, and ensuring justice and equality in public spheres such as education, employment and political representation.

Why is cultural diversity significant in the context of India's marginalised communities?

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Answer: Cultural diversity is vital for preserving the unique identities of India's marginalised communities, allowing them to maintain their traditions and practices, while also contributing to the richness and vibrancy of the nation's cultural tapestry.

Identify and discuss two social struggles faced by the Muslim community in India.

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Answer: The Muslim community faces struggles such as socioeconomic underdevelopment, evidenced by lower literacy and employment rates, and cultural stereotyping, which can lead to social alienation and reduced access to resources and opportunities.