Chapter 7: Reaching the Age of Adolescence

Science • Class 8

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Chapter Analysis

Intermediate14 pages • English

Quick Summary

The chapter 'Reaching the Age of Adolescence' discusses the period of adolescence and the changes that accompany it. It covers physical growth, development of secondary sexual characteristics, mental, and emotional maturation. The chapter explains the role of hormones in human growth and reproduction, and addresses reproductive health and the importance of personal hygiene during adolescence.

Key Topics

  • Adolescence and puberty
  • Secondary sexual characteristics
  • Role of hormones
  • Reproductive health
  • Nutritional needs of adolescents
  • Endocrine system
  • Physical and mental health during adolescence

Learning Objectives

  • Understand the changes that occur during adolescence.
  • Identify the role of hormones in human development.
  • Comprehend the process and significance of puberty.
  • Recognize the importance of a balanced diet during adolescence.
  • Promote practices for proper personal hygiene and health.
  • Analyze the impact of lifestyle choices on adolescent development.

Questions in Chapter

What is the term used for chemical secretions of endocrine glands responsible for changes taking place in the body?

Answer: Hormones

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Define adolescence.

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What is menstruation? Explain.

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List changes in the body that take place at puberty.

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Prepare a Table having two columns depicting names of endocrine glands and hormones secreted by them.

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What are sex hormones? Why are they named so? State their function.

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Choose the correct option. Adolescents should be careful about what they eat, because...

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Write notes on: Adam’s apple, Secondary sexual characters, Sex determination in the unborn baby.

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Additional Practice Questions

Why is adolescence considered a critical period for physical and mental development?

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Answer: Adolescence is critical as it is a time of rapid physical growth and hormonal changes that influence physical appearance, voice, and reproductive potential, along with significant mental and emotional development.

Explain the role of hormones in puberty.

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Answer: During puberty, hormones such as testosterone and estrogen are released, which are responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics and the maturation of reproductive organs.

How is the sex of a child determined genetically?

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Answer: The sex of a child is determined by the sex chromosomes in the sperm and the egg. Males have XY chromosomes and females have XX chromosomes. The combination of these chromosomes determines the child's sex.

Discuss the importance of a balanced diet during adolescence.

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Answer: A balanced diet is crucial during adolescence to support rapid growth, provide energy, and ensure proper development of the brain and body. It should include carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals.

What measures can adolescents take to promote personal hygiene?

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Answer: Adolescents should maintain proper hygiene by bathing daily, using deodorant, keeping their face clean, especially if prone to acne, and practicing proper oral hygiene.

List and explain the secondary sexual characteristics that develop during puberty.

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Answer: Secondary sexual characteristics include the development of breasts in girls and facial hair and deeper voice in boys. Both boys and girls develop pubic hair and underarm hair.

How does the endocrine system regulate the onset of puberty?

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Answer: The endocrine system releases hormones directly into the bloodstream, which regulate growth and development. The pituitary gland plays a major role by triggering other glands to release growth-related hormones.

Why is regular physical exercise important during adolescence?

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Answer: Regular exercise helps maintain physical fitness, supports healthy growth of muscles and bones, reduces stress, and can help regulate energy levels.

NCERT Exemplar

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Practice with NCERT Exemplar problems and solutions for this chapter. Exemplar problems are designed to help you master the concepts with advanced-level questions.

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